Diverticulosis is a condition in which small sacs or sacs form and push against the weak areas of the colon wall. This sac is often found in the lower part of the large intestine, the sigmoid colon. A bag is called a diverticulum. Multiple bags are called diverticula.
Diverticulitis is an inflammation of one or more globular sacs (diverticula)
in the colon, whether infected or not. Together, these conditions are called
diverticular disease. Diverticulitis causes abdominal pain, tenderness, and
sometimes fever. This is a much more serious and potentially dangerous
situation. Diverticulitis can occur suddenly and can cause serious
complications.
Diverticulitis can cause problems with some body systems. The main system
involved in this is the gastrointestinal tract. These sacs form in the lining
of the intestine and colon and grow larger and more likely to rupture.
Cause
Diverticulitis is caused by one or more diverticulitis infections. There is no single known cause of diverticulitis, but several factors can increase your risk of developing diverticulitis. Scientists are not sure what causes diverticulitis, but they believe that the infection starts when the bacteria in the stool rush into the diverticulum. Another theory is that the wall of the diverticulum itself is eroded due to the increased pressure on the walls of the large intestine.
Diverticulitis infection is
caused by normal intestinal bacteria that reach the abdominal cavity through an
intestinal perforation. Diverticulitis is caused by the evacuation of normal
intestinal flora into the abdominal cavity. The resulting inflammation can
become localised and can cause colonic abscesses, or it can become tear free
and cause peritonitis.
The most common complication of diverticulitis is an abscess outside the
colon. An abscess is a cavity or tissue mass filled with pus. Abscesses are
usually treated with a technique called transdermal abscess drainage (PAD).
Scientists do not know exactly what causes diverticulosis, but I think it is
caused by a lack of enough fiber. If you do not eat enough fiber, the waste
accumulates in the colon (causing constipation). Constipation puts extra
pressure on the walls of the colon. This increase in pressure forms small sacs
(diverticula) in the weak areas of the large intestine.
According to an analysis of studies published in 2018, other potential risk
factors for diverticulitis include: Obesity may increase the risk of
diverticulitis by altering the balance of intestinal bacteria, but more
research is needed to understand it.
The most common causes of diverticulitis are Clostridium difficile
infection, obesity, liver cirrhosis, and previous surgery. Experts now believe
that several factors play a role. Some potential risk factors can be altered by
lifestyle changes.
Symptom
Symptoms of diverticulitis include pain, constipation, and blood in the stool. You may experience pain, nausea, fever, and other symptoms. This is a much more serious and potentially dangerous situation.
It is the most common complication and affects 1 to 4 out of 10 people who
get the disease. The current theory is that inflammation and/or infection are
caused by excessive growth of bacteria in the diverticulum. When this happens,
symptoms include abdominal pain, high fever, nausea (feeling sick) or vomiting
(illness). If you experience any of these symptoms, you should seek medical
attention immediately. Complex diverticulitis that requires hospitalisation is
usually treated with antibiotics and fluids. Sometimes, when the infection is
severe, it can cause additional complications such as a lump of pus (abscess),
blockage (intestinal obstruction) or perforation. When these complications
occur, surgery may be needed to remove part of the colon or to insert a needle
to collect pus.
Therapy
Diverticulitis can be treated and treated with antibiotics. The operation may be necessary if complications occur, other treatments fail, or diverticulitis is severe. However, diverticulitis is generally considered a lifelong disease. The treatment prescribed by your doctor for diverticulitis depends on how serious the condition is.
Treatment focuses on relaxing the colon and eliminating inflammation and
infections. Recent studies have shown that not all cases of diverticulitis
require antibiotics, as previously thought. Some, but not all, require
hospitalization. Diverticulitis simplex can usually be treated at home. Your
doctor may ask you to change your diet. In some cases, medications, including
antibiotics, may be prescribed.
If complications occur due to diverticulitis, it may be necessary to consult
a doctor for treatment. You may be given fluids and antibiotics through an
intravenous (IV) line. Depending on the type of complications, surgery or other
procedures may be required. Oral antibiotics have previously been the first-line
treatment for diverticulitis, but new guidelines from the American College of
Physicians suggest that, in most cases, it can be treated without the use of
this drug. If diverticulitis is mild, your doctor may prescribe oral
antibiotics such as metronidazole (Flagyl®), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
(Bactrim®), ciprofloxacin (Cipro®), or amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
(Augmentin®). Rest, over-the-counter painkillers, and a low-fiber or liquid
diet are recommended until symptoms improve. When symptoms improve, you can
slowly return to soft foods and then return to a normal diet that includes
high-fiber foods. You and your healthcare provider will discuss the details of
your treatment plan.
"There are two scenarios in which surgery could be considered a
treatment for diverticulitis. First, if you have a perforation, abscess,
fistula, or bowel obstruction, you may need surgery to correct the problem,
warns Bulsiewicz. "In this case, diverticulitis is usually so severe that
surgery must be performed."
Risk Factors
Risk factors for diverticulitis include heredity, age over 60, body mass index over 30, smoking and regular use of NSAIDs such as aspirin. Excess weight, insufficient fibre intake, and excessive consumption of red meat.
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