Vaccines of monkey pox, polio, HPV and COVID-19

Some contend that their defences deteriorate over time. This is true, which is why booster injections are suggested, just like the flu vaccination or many other paediatric immunisations that are given over time to ensure long-term protection. To those who argue that natural immunity gained from exposure to the virus is superior to vaccine-based protection, I would counter that the risks of vaccine-related side effects are far less than the very real risks of contracting a new virus known to suffer broad and possibly long term damage to the human body.

Although work is underway to produce second-generation COVID-19 vaccinations that will provide stronger and longer-lasting immunity, and more work is needed to distribute the present vaccines to underdeveloped countries, it is safe to claim that the current vaccines have altered the pandemic's trajectory. According to recent figures, 66.3 percent of the global population has received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, with nations like the United Arab Emirates, Chile, and Singapore showing the way with over 90 percent of their populations receiving two doses.

If we are to defeat COVID-19, vaccine uptake is critical. four vaccine successes As with any vaccine programme, eradication or disease protection is contingent on a sufficient number of people receiving the vaccine(s) such that the pathogen that causes the sickness can no longer infect and grow in a host. A sufficient number of people in a population must receive the vaccine for those who are unable to do so – such as those who are too young or who have medical conditions that would prevent the vaccine from working or causing more harm than good – to be protected by the lower prevalence of disease in their communities. Without widespread adoption, our lives and the lives of our loved ones will remain at risk from this deadly virus.

The appearance of monkeypox in previously uninfected countries has reintroduced the smallpox vaccine into the public consciousness. The monkeypox virus, which is related to smallpox and belongs to the orthopox family of viruses, has no specific vaccination. Smallpox, a devastating illness that killed one-third of people affected, was stated eradicated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980, thanks to a global vaccine and surveillance effort that began in 1967. Smallpox vaccination was discontinued in the United States in 1972, and in the United Kingdom in 1971. The last spontaneous instance of smallpox was in Somalia in 1977. Smallpox eradication is one of the most significant public health achievements in history.

Vaccination against smallpox has been found to protect against monkeypox in the past. Despite the fact that one vaccination (MVA-BN) and one particular therapy (tecovirimat) for monkeypox were licenced in 2019 and 2022, respectively, these countermeasures are still not widely available.

HPV infection is a virus that creates growths on the skin or mucous membranes (warts). There are over 100 different types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Some HPV infections create warts, while others can lead to other cancers.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is another vaccine that is proven to be highly effective in reducing disease and mortality. This is a two- or three-dose vaccine given to adolescent girls (and boys in some countries), with the dosage varying somewhat depending on age and area. HPV is mostly transmitted through sexual contact, and the majority of persons become infected with HPV shortly after sexual activity begins. The human papillomavirus is responsible for nearly all incidences of cervical cancer globally, but it has also been linked to malignancies of the mouth, throat, anal, and vaginal tract. Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy in women worldwide.

Gardasil 9 is an HPV vaccine that has been licenced by the US Food and Drug Administration to protect both men and women against genital warts and cervical cancer.

The polio vaccine is another significant vaccination success story worth remembering. Polio is a viral infection spread through coughing and sneezing. A serious patient of polio causes nerve damage, which can result in paralysis, breathing problems, and even death. It was formerly a sickness that was feared around the world for hitting abruptly and paralysing people – mostly youngsters – for the rest of their lives. Polio is now extremely infrequent in most regions of the world thanks to vaccination. For the most part, the polio vaccination campaign has spared us the agony and heartache of watching loved ones bear from this debilitating and deadly disease.